You will need (at least) two related data tables to achieve this result.
Assume that you already have a table called Projects with a User field called 'Assigned To'.
This article will show you how to use this field in a relationship to a resources table, allowing you to bring one or more additional data values into your Project based on the fact that one of your users is assigned to the Project.
Create a new table an name it 'Resources.'
Add fields to this Resource table for all of the different data types that you want to populate for each user associated to a Project. You must include a 'User' type field that will be the users name. Be sure to set this User field as the KEY field in your resource table. (See online Help for more information on setting a Key field in a table.) Make sure that this table is populated with all of the users that might be referenced in your Projects table and enter the data into each of your supporting fields. Be sure to select a user for the key field in each record.
You will need to build a relationship (https://www.quickbase.com/help/about_relationships.html) between your Projects table and your Resources table where Resources is the Master table in the relationship. The logic here is that each Resource will be related to one or more projects. When building the relationship between the tables, you will be asked to select a field to use as the Reference field in your Projects table that will establish the link from a project to a resource. Select to 'use an existing field' and choose the 'Assigned To' field that currently contains the user that is assigned to each project. When prompted to choose Lookup fields from the resource table, select one or more fields from the Resource table that you want to auto-populate in the project each time a user is assigned to a project. (You can create more lookup fields from the Resource table once the relationship has been created by going back into the relationship properties screen from the Fields & Tables area.) Read more about lookup fields: https://www.quickbase.com/help/create_lookup_field.html
If you would like the Assigned To field in the Projects table to default to the Current User, you can set this from the field properties of the Assigned To reference field.
Each time a user adds a new project, their name will be the default user in the Assigned To field, and once the Project record is saved, all of the other data that you have collected about this user in the Resources table will be returned to your Project record via the Lookup fields you created in the relationship.